Egypt

Egypt holds a pivotal place in Islamic history, becoming part of the Muslim world in the 7th century. It was home to the Fatimid Caliphate, which established Cairo as a major center of learning and culture. The Al-Azhar University in Cairo, founded in the 10th century, is one of the oldest operating universities in the world and a leading center for Islamic scholarship. Egypt's strategic location and control of the Nile were crucial in early Islamic conquests and trade.