90. Baghdadi, Farq., 52, 54. Shahrastani, Milal., I, 163 ff.

91. There was, for example, the wars of the Ibadhis of Oman against Shaiban, the leader of the Sufris. Salimi, Tuhfah., I, 77; and the war of Abu al-Khattab 'Abd al-'Ala the Ibadhi Imam of North Africa against the Sufris of Warfajjumah in Qairawan, Ibn 'Idhari, Bayan., 82; Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh., IV, 191; Nuwairi, Nihayah., 44; both wars were fought on religious grounds.

92. Qur'an: X.32.

93. This statement refers to the Qur'anic verse. "God has preferred in rank those who struggle with their possessions and their selves over the ones who sit at home." Qur'an: IV.95.

94. Salim b. Dhakwan, Sirah., 204.

95. Ibid., 205.

96. Qur'an: IX.99.

97. Salim b. Dhakwan, op. cit., 206.

98. See the Qur'an: XI.28 ff.

99. Salim b. Dhakwan, op. cit., 206-7.

100. Ibid., 210-11.

101. Ibid., 211-12.

102. Bisyani, Sirah., Ms. 17; Warijlani, Dalil., 13 b - 14 a: al-'Adl wa al-'insaf., Ms. 11, 310 ff.; Qalhati, Kashf., 197 a - 204 a.

103. Isfahani, 'Aghani., XIII, 112; Jumaiyil b.Khamis, Qamus al-shari'ah., Part 88, the page related to the subject.

104. Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-farid., I, 261: Mubarrad. Kamil., III, 1041.

105. Jumaiyil b. Khamis loc. cit.

106. 107, Loc. cit.

108. Loc. cit.

109. Qur'an: X.32.

110. Ibn Dhakwan, Sirah., 221-223.

111. Ibid., 223-24.

112. Ibid., 224-25.

113. Williams, John Alden, Islam., New York, 1961, 218.

114. Ibid., 218-219.

115. Ibid., 216. For the different versions and complete texts of the sermons of Abu Hamzah see: Jahiz, Bayan., II, 121-25; 'Isfahani, Aghani., XXIII. 130-139; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-farid., IV, 144-47.; Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-balaghah., V, 114 ff. Darjini, Tabaqat., 251-55; Ibn Sallam, Bad'ul-'Islam., Ms. 45-46.

116. Macdonald, Duncan B., Development of Muslim theology, Jurisprudence and