Schopenhauer (Harmondsworth, 1963), and Brian Magee,

The Philosophy of Schopenhauer (Oxford, 1983). A briefer account is to be found in Terry Eagleton,

The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Oxford, 1990), ch. 7. (3) نيتشه

Works by Nietzsche cited in this study are

The Will to Power (New York, 1975),

Beyond Good and Evil , and

The Birth of Tragedy . The latter two works can be found in Walter Kaufmann (ed.),

Basic Writings of Nietzsche (New York, 1968), a convenient selection of Nietzsche’s texts. Classic introductions to his thought are Walter Kaufmann,

Nietzsche: Philosopher,

(New York, 1950); R. J. Hollingdale,

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