b. Khaldūn

Ibn Khaldun, a pioneering figure in the field of historiography, sociology, and economics, is best known for his work, the Muqaddimah or 'Introduction' to history. In this seminal work, he introduces the concept of 'asabiyyah (social cohesion), which he argues is the fundamental driving force behind the rise and fall of civilizations. His critical approach to history, emphasizing the importance of empirical evidence and the socio-economic factors influencing historical events, marked a significa...See more