The Codification of Islamic Juridical Principles (Qawāʿid Fiqhiyya): A Historical Outline

104 ḤIKMAT

qawā'id of fiqh. Al-Marāghī frequently quotes from his mentor without mentioning his name, but according to the author of Al-Dhari'ah, he probably refers to Shaykh 'Alī b. Ja'far Kāshif al-Ghiṭā. Lithograph editions of it have been published in Tabriz (1274/1875) and Tehran (1292/1875).

4- Al-Maqālīd al-Ja'farīyyah by Muhammad Ja'far Shariy'at Madār Istarābādī (d. 1263/1847). A fine copy of this work is found in the Mar'āshī Library in Qum, of which I have a facsimile in my personal library.

5- Al-Qawā'id al-Fiqhīyyah by Sayyid Muḥammad Mahdī Qazwīnī Ḥillī Najafī (d. 1300/1882). This work treats of 75 qawā'id of fiqh.

6- Al-Qawā'id al-Fiqhīyyah (2 vols.) by Shaykh Mahdī b. Ḥusayn b. 'Azīz Khāliṣī Kāẓimī(d. 1343/1924).

7- Taḥrir al-Majallah, by Shaykh Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Kāshif al-Ghiṭā' (1294-1373/1877-1953).

8- Al-Qawā'id Uksīnīyyah, by Sayyid Ḥasan Ḥusaynī Qumī Ḥā'irī, a compilation of the lectures of Mīrzā Shirāzī on several qawā'id of fiqh.

9- Al-Qawā'id al-Sittah 'Aashar, by Shaykh Ja'far Kāshif al-Ghiṭā' al-Najafī. A lithograph edition of this short treatise was published, along with another work by the same author, al-Ḥaqq al-Mubīn, in Qum in 1306/1889.

10- Al-Qawā'id al-Shar'īyyah, by Shaykh Ismā'īl b. 'Alī Naqī Tabrīzī (d. 1295/1878).

11- Bulghat al-Faqīh by Sayyid Muhammad Baḥr al-'Ulūm Ṭabāṭabā'ī (d. 1326/1908), of which two lithograph and later a letter-set edition in four volumes were published in Najaf.