http://puritanism.online.fr/ (accessed 4 April 2011).
exports as a percentage of GDP in Pennsylvania: exports are the sum of Proud’s contemporary estimate of £700,000 per year for 1771-3 plus £161,000, which equals 64
of the estimates of average annual shipping earnings and invisible earnings of the middle Atlantic colonies for 1768-72, in James F. Shepherd and Gary M. Walton,
Shipping, Maritime Trade, and the Economic Development of Colonial North America (Cambridge University Press, 1972), pp. 128, 134. In 1765-7 and 1772, 64
of the tonnage of shipping clearing New York and Philadelphia came from the latter. Proud’s estimate of exports exceeds Shepherd and Walton’s. GDP equals the 1770 population of 240,100 multiplied by £12 per head.
Jamaica exports/GDP in 1832: Gisela Eisner,
Jamaica, 1830-1930: A Study in Economic Growth (Manchester University Press, 1961), p. 25.
South Carolina’s export of skins and cedar: quoted by John J. McCusker and Russell R. Mennard,
The Economy of British North America (University of North Carolina Press, 1985), p. 171.
Carolina rice productivity: Marc Egnal,
New World Economies: The Growth of the Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada (Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 105-6.
30
ratio of exports to income: per capita exports from
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