الحداثة: مقدمة قصيرة جدا

Modernism and English Art (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997) and Lisa Tickner,

Modern Life and Modern Subjects (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000). On abstraction, see John Golding,

Absolute (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000). On music in the 20th century, see Alex Ross,

The Rest is Noise (London: Fourth Estate, 2008), Glenn Watkins,

at the Louvre: Music, Culture and Collage from Stravinsky to the

(Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University

The Oxford History of Western Music,

vol. 4,

The Early Twentieth Century (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Stephanie Barron (ed.), 'Degenerate Art’: The Fate of the Avant Garde in Germany,

exh. cat. (Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1991). And for music in Germany in this period, see Michael Kater,

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