doubt that his contribution towards presenting a clearer view of the Ibadhi School was of great importance. This is much in evidence in his magazine, al-Minhaj; in his notes on the works he edited and in his notes on the parts of E.I. translated into Arabic, in which he tried to correct euphonious views on the Ibadhiyah.

Similar activities took place in Tunisia and Algeria through the leaders of Hizb al-Islah of Mzab who joined in the activities of al-Hizb al-Dusturi of 'Abd al-Aziz al-Th'alibi. Among the leading Ibadhi personalities who played an important part in Tunisia were the late Muhammad al-Thamini, originally from Mzab, who established a Bookshop in Tunis, and participated in publishing and circulating Ibadhi literature, and the late Sheikh Sulaiman al-Jadawi of Jerba, who was the editor of the well-known paper, Murshid al-'Ummah. The leading figures of the parallel activities in Algeria were Abu al-Yaqzan Ibrahim, who issued about eight different newspapers during the French rule, and Sheikh Baiyud Ibrahim B. 'Umar who is responsible for the modern reformist movement in Mzab, and its schools and institutions. Both men were active members of Jam'iyat al-'Ulama and personal friends of the leading Sunni scholars of the Jam'iyah. They were all sincere in their aim of seeking better understanding with the neighbouring Sunnis. This movement, which was largely inspired by al-Baruni and his approach, relaxed the bitter attitude of opposition to the Ibadhis in their different communities, and provided a better atmosphere for the Ibadhis to present their views in a moderate way. The latest contribution in this field has been made by 'Ali Mua'ammar of Jabal Nafusah, Libya, who recently published a number of volumes under the title, al-Ibadhiya fi mawkib al-tarikh, planning to present a general study of the Ibadhis in their various countries. He also published other works dealing with legal and religious matters. The other scholar is Muhammad 'Ali Dabbuz of al-Qararah, Mzab, who undertook to rewrite the history of the Maghrib from the Ibadhi point of view. Up till now he has published seven volumes he dealt with the early history of the Maghrib. The other volumes were devoted to study of modern Algeria, Thawrat al-Jazair wa nahdatuha al-mubarakah. Both authors were students of Sheikh Baiyud and were largely influenced by his reformist views. Their works argue persuasively and vigorously with Muslims that they should return to the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and leave aside the causes of division resulting from following opinions of later scholars affected by political differences. This was the Ibadhi contribution to the modern Islamic attempt to restore the original Islam of the Book and the Sunnah. This was the Ibadhi contribution to the modern Islamic attempt to restore the original Islam of the Book and the Sunnah. This trend which was propagated by Muhammad 'Abduh and his student Rashid Rida, and followed up by the activities of their students, brought to Ibadhis new hope