Lovejoy, Paul E. “Islamic Scholarship and Understanding History in West Africa Before 1800.” In

The Oxford History of Historical Writing , vol. 3:

1400-1800 . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. “Mali: L’indignation des artistes et intellectuels après les profanations de Tombouctou.” RFI Afrique, May 6, 2012. “Mali: Un mausolée profané par Aqmi à Tombouctou.”

L’express

and AFP, May 6, 2012. “Mali Islamist Militants 'Destroy’ Timbuktu Saint’s Tomb.” BBC News, May 6, 2012. “Mali Separatists Ready to Act over Destruction of Tombs.” CNN, July 2, 2012.

Marin La Meslée, Valérie. “Tombouctou, patrimoine mondial aux mains des islamistes?”

Le point , April 4, 2012.

http://www.lepoint.fr/monde/tombouctou-patrimoine-mondial-aux-mains- des-islamistes-04-04-2012-1448503_24.php .

Masonen, Pekka.

The Negroland Revisited: Discovery and Invention of the Sudanese Middle Ages.

Unknown page