trans. Edward Hyams (New York: Stein & Day, 1966). Joan, as seen through her own words and those of the other witnesses at her trial .

Maurice David-Darnac,

The True Story of the Maid of Orléans,

trans. Peter de Polnay (London: W. H. Allen, 1969). In this latest version of the bastardy theory, Joan proves her royal birth by showing Charles a gold ring engraved with the arms of the House of Orléans. She also manages to escape the stake .

Edward Lucie-Smith,

Joan of Arc (London: Allen Lane, 1976). A psychological approach to Joan that’s sometimes insightful, often not .

Frances Gies,

Joan of Arc (New York: Harper & Row, 1981). A straightforward biography, clear and unbiased, though offering no new interpretations .

Marina Warner,

Joan of Arc (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981). How Joan fitted into traditions of thought about women, in her own time and after .

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