A. N. Wilson,

Jesus: A Life (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992). Wilson’s theory is that the man who appeared as the resurrected Jesus was one of his brothers, probably James, who took the opportunity to seize control over Jesus’ movement .

Robert Funk, Roy Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar,

The Five Gospels (New York: Macmillan, 1993). When the votes were in, only 18 percent of the words ascribed to Jesus in the gospels passed as authentic; postpublication votes moved on from his words to his deeds and, not surprisingly, the resurrection lost the election .

E. P. Sanders,

The Historical Figure of Jesus (London: Allen Lane, 1993). Jesus as a Jewish prophet who believed the world was about to end .

John Shelby Spong,

Resurrection: Myth or Reality? (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1994). An Episcopal bishop’s intellectual journey from a literal to a more symbolic belief in Easter .

Burton Mack,

Who Wrote the New Testament? (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1995). Mack goes farther than most modern scholars, even secular ones, in exposing how the gospels were fictional mythologies only distantly related to the historical Jesus .

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