xii CONTENTS

d. Yahyā b. Sa'īd . . . . . 248

e. The Medinese opposition . . . . . 248

f. The Meccans . . . . . 249

CHAPTER 6. THE TRADITIONISTS . . . . . 253

CHAPTER 7. THE MU'TAZILA . . . . . 258

CHAPTER 8. KHĀRIJI LAW . . . . . 260

CHAPTER 9. SHI'A LAW . . . . . 262

PART IV

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL LEGAL THOUGHT

CHAPTER 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REASONING IN GENERAL . . . . . 269

CHAPTER 2. SYSTEMATIZING AND ISLAMICIZING . . . . . 283

CHAPTER 3. AUZA'I'S REASONING . . . . . 288

CHAPTER 4. THE REASONING OF INDIVIDUAL IRAQIANS . . . . . 290

A. Ibn Abī Lailā . . . . . 290

B. Abū Hanīfa . . . . . 294

C. Abū Yūsuf . . . . . 301

D. Shaibānī . . . . . 306

CHAPTER 5. MĀLIK'S REASONING . . . . . 311

CHAPTER 6. SHĀFI'Ī'S REASONING . . . . . 315

EPILOGUE . . . . . 329

APPENDIX I. CHRONOLOGY OF SHĀFI'Ī'S WRITINGS . . . . . 330

APPENDIX II. LIST OF PARAGRAPHS IN SHĀFI'Ī'S TREATISES . . . . . 331

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . 336

Arabic . . . . . 336

European . . . . . 339

INDEX OF LEGAL PROBLEMS . . . . . 341

GENERAL INDEX . . . . . 344

ADDENDA . . . . . 349