DA . The phrase “immense being” can be found at

DA

vol. 2, bk. 1, chap. 7 and vol. 2, bk. 4, chap. 3. The argument for “two Democracies” can be found in Seymour Drescher, “Tocqueville’s Two

Democracies ,”

Journal of the History of Ideas

25 (1964): 201-16, and Jean-Claude Lamberti,

Tocqueville and the Two Democracies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989); the argument against, in Schleifer,

The Making of Tocqueville’s Democracy,

2nd ed. On religion, see Sanford Kessler,

Tocqueville’s Civil Religion (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), and Joshua Mitchell,

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