Then he goes on to argue against the opinion of the Azraqites concerning religious dissimulation', (taqiyah), as follows: "The believer of the House of Pharaoh 98 stayed for what time God willed, hiding his belief, and God did not refuse him his belief for hiding, it; God also said, "Let not the believers take the unbelievers for friends rather than the believers, for who so does that belongs not to God in anything - unless you have a fear of them." (Qur'an: III. 28) So God has ordered the believers to practice 'religious dissimulation'; and how could the believers avoid harm from the infidels unless they showed them what they (the infidels) liked, and concealed their religion? Nevertheless, when they (the Azraqites) come out, they become most secretive about their religion. So when a man comes and says, 'Describe you religion to me,' they say, 'No, if we do we shall be infidels, but you tell us about yours.' If he disagrees with some of what they have in their minds they kill him. All this, with other sins which cannot all be counted, such as seizing the trust ('amanah) which they were ordered to deliver back to its owner, telling their followers that hypocrisy does not exist any more, so no-one can be a hypocrite, and that God forgives those who commit adultery or steal when they are with them (in their camp) .... "99

Ibn Dhakwan afterwards went on to present the views of Najdah and his followers, pointing out their false doctrines among which he counted:

a) Regarding their Muslim opponents as idolaters, yet at the same time permitting marrying their women and eating animals slaughtered by them (dhaba'ih). They also forbade taking protection tax (jizyah) from them, and fulfilled the obligations of their Muslim opponents to Dhimmis, although they regarded their Muslim opponents as idolaters.

b) They held that they should emigrate from the land of their Muslim opponents like the Prophet had emigrated from Mecca.

Then he pointed out that Najdah was opposed by Dawud and his followers, 'Atiyah and his followers, and Abu Fudaik and his followers. They disagreed with him about certain points through which they claimed that he had gone astray. "Although what they disagreed about with him could not be more serious than what they agreed about with him concerning taking the people of Qiblah (i.e. the Muslims who pray towards the Ka'bah in Mecca) into captivity, killing their children, enslaving their women, seizing the property, killing them without reason, and forbidding inheritance from them. They are all erroneous and negligent of the truth."100 He pointed out further erroneous doctrines which distinguish those Kharijites: Nafii', Dawud, 'Atiyah, Abu Fudaik and their followers. 101

Similar accounts of the Kharijite doctrines were given in other Ibadhi sources accompanied by a strong argument againstthem, based on the Qur'an, Sunnah,