Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2000). I am indebted to conversations about

liangxin

with Lydia Liu of Columbia University, and also Xiao Han.

On

al-zãjir , see D. S. Margoliouth, 'Conscience (Muslim)’, in

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (New York, 1908).

I am indebted to Cathy Popkin of Columbia University for her observations on Russian

sovest .

الفصل الأول

My comments on

ناپیژندل شوی مخ