both reprinted in D. Hull and M. Ruse (eds.)

(Oxford University Press, 1998). The aetiological theory is set out by Karen Neander in 'The teleological notion of “function”’,

Australasian Journal of

vol. 69, 1991. The causal role theory derives from Robert Cummins’s article 'Functional analysis’,

The Journal of

vol. 72, 1975. The orthodox junk DNA viewpoint is challenged by Joseph Ecker et al. in 'Genomics: ENCODE explained’,

Nature

vol. 489, 2012. W. Ford Doolittle replies in 'Is junk DNA bunk? A critique of ENCODE’,

Academy of Sciences

vol. 110, 2013. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin’s critique of adaptationism is found in 'The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm’,

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