William Doyle,

Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution (2009). Chronicles early attacks on nobilities.

Dominic Lieven,

The Aristocracy in Europe, 1815-1914 (1992). Invaluable comparative survey.

Arno J. Mayer,

The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War (1981). Challenging and controversial.

D. Spring (ed.),

European Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century (1997).

Karina Urbach,

European Aristocracies and the Radical Right, 1918-1939 (2007).

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