An influential model for non-linguistic phenomena analysed as text was Roland Barthes,

Système de la mode (1967; tr. as

The Fashion System , Hill and Wang, 1983). This approach became common to all 'semiotic’ approaches to culture. For a survey, see Robert Hodge and Gunter Kress,

Social Semiotics (Blackwell, 1988). For a study of the different subject positions open to us within postmodernist theory and the contemporary novel, see Kim Worthington,

Self as Narrative (Clarendon Press, 1996). For Habermas’s critique of postmodernism, see

inter alia

his

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (MIT Press, 1987). Edward Lucie-Smith,

Art Today (Phaidon, 1995) is an excellent survey of the many current schools of art. An essential resource is to be found in Kristine Stiles and Peter Selz (eds),

Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art (University of California Press, 1996).

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