Angus Maddison,

The World Economy (OECD, 2006).

Lane Pritchett, 'Divergence, Big Time’,

Journal of Economic Perspectives , 11 (1997): 3-17.

Branko Milanovic,

Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality (Princeton University Press, 2005).

Robert W. Fogel,

The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100 (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

الفصل الثاني: بزوغ نجم الغرب

Jared Diamond,

Shafi da ba'a sani ba