(Scottdale,

Liberty and Conscience: A Documentary History of Conscientious Objectors in America through the Civil War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).

I am indebted to

Records of Conscience

for the instance of the objecting Quaker.

On 'conscience clauses’, see especially Ben Smith, 'Coakley’s Conscience Clause’,

, 44, (

http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0110 ) (accessed 31 January 2011).

For the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights , see (

Shafi da ba'a sani ba