Modernism/Postmodernism (Longman, 1992).

The following are critical but also informative about postmodernist tendencies. For an account of the influence of Marx on intellectuals in this period, see J. G. Merquior,

Western Marxism (Paladin, 1986). The new literary theory encountered surprisingly little published opposition, but see the interestingly entitled

Fraud: Literary Theory and the End of English

by Peter Washington (Fontana, 1989) and Christopher Butler,

Interpretation, Deconstruction, and Ideology (Clarendon Press, 1984), and, for a general critique, John M. Ellis,

Against Deconstruction (Princeton University Press, 1989) and Raymond Tallis,

Not Saussure (Macmillan, 1988). A brilliant account of the relationship of science to political and moral considerations is given by Philip Kitcher in his

Science, Truth and Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2001). The tendency to the local story attitude of postmodern philosophy has inspired a reply from Thomas Nagel, which defends his view of the value and possibility of objectivity in philosophy and of the abstracting 'view from nowhere’ in ethics, expressed in his

The Last Word (Oxford University Press, 1997).

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