For the origins of conscience in legal pleading, I am indebted to C. A. Pierce,

Conscience in the New Testament (London: SCM Press, 1955). This notably perceptive study abounds in fresh insights and is especially to be recommended.

Valuable observations on Christian traditions of conscience and the predicaments of conscience today are to be found in Paul Tillich, the 'Transmoral Conscience’, in

Morality and Beyond (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1966), pp. 65-81.

For a fine discussion of conscience in Luther’s early theology, see Michael G. Baylor,

Action and Person: Conscience in Late Scholasticism and the Young Luther (Leiden: Brill, 1977). Some of the possible extremities of Protestant conviction are discussed by Steven E. Ozment,

Mysticism and Dissent: Religious Ideology and Social Protest in the Sixteenth Century (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1973).

Many of the writings considered in my second chapter, together with other subjects of importance, are treated with impressive depth in Edward G. Andrew,

Conscience and Its Critics:

Subjectivity (Toronto and London: University of Toronto

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