Confessions , have helped make it possible for Raymond Trousson and Maurice Cranston to produce perhaps the finest biographies of Rousseau in any language (Paris, 1988 and 1989; and London, 1983, 1991, and 1997), although Cranston did not survive to complete his third volume. Jean Guéhenno’s

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Eng. trans., 2 vols, London, 1966) and Lester Crocker’s

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (2 vols, New York, 1968 and 1973) form substantial and notable biographies as well. Ronald Grimsley’s

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A Study of Self-Awareness (2nd edn, Cardiff, 1969) offers a particularly sensitive treatment of the development of Rousseau’s personality through his writings, while Kelly’s

Rousseau’s Exemplary Life: The 'Confessions’ as Political

(Ithaca, NY, 1987) shrewdly interprets the autobiography in the light of Rousseau’s principles.

Among English-language commentaries on his thought in different genres, Ernst Cassirer’s

The Question of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (2nd edn, New Haven, Conn., 1989), Judith Shklar’s

Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau’s Social Theory (2nd edn, Cambridge, 1985), and C. W. Hendel’s more comprehensive

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Moralist (2nd edn, Indianapolis, 1962) excel, Hendel’s work in particular being among the most subtly detailed accounts of Rousseau’s philosophy in any language. Of comparable quality, showing equal mastery of Rousseau’s writings across several disciplines, is Timothy O’Hagan’s

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