90 ḤIKMAT

ponents as objectively necessitated by the particular features of the social relations subject to such norms.¹

It is also said that,

A legal system exists if and only if it reaches a certain minimum degree of efficacy.²

Kelsen believes, however, that,

Efficacy depends not only on conformity to law by the general population but also on the success of the courts and other law-enforcing agencies in applying sanctions to those who violate the law.³

Thus, it may be inferred that a body of law constitutes a system when it has the qualities and elements required to establish a legal system, namely:

1. a body of law;

2. a great number of coherent general norms and principles;

3. a functioning body of law based on those general norms and principles;

4. a close and profound relation between the laws and general principles, as that of the component to the norm, or the general to the particular;

5. comprehensiveness of general principles which enables them to respond to particular needs, events and cases;

6. the conformity of norms and general principles to rational and human standards in a manner which makes it acceptable to the general public;