, and Terry Eagleton,

The Illusions of Postmodernism (Oxford, 1996). A more difficult and substantial study is Fredric Jameson,

the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham, NC, 1991). (6) ماركس

Marx’s views on 'species being’ and human nature are to be found mainly in his

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts

of 1844. This is reprinted among other places in L. Colletti (ed.),

Karl Marx: Early Writings (Harmondsworth, 1975). For commentaries on these matters, see Norman Geras,

Marx and Human Nature (London, 1983), and Terry Eagleton,

The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Oxford, 1990), ch. 8. The essay by Louis Althusser most relevant to my argument is 'On Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses’, in

Lenin and Philosophy (London, 1971). (7) فرويد

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